The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Hence in this study the aim is to develop a simple neural network model which can accurately predict the annual radiation and optimum tilt and azimuth angle in any region of the world and can be easily implemented in a low-cost microcontroller.Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The optimum tilt angle becomes less than the latitude, and the difference is increased until it reaches more than 20 In sum, it can be concluded that the optimum tilt angle is equal to or greater than the latitude until the latitude 30 The optimal orientation is due to the north in the southern hemisphere and due to the south in the northern hemisphere for most cities worldwide. As the latitude increases, the tilt factor (F) increases because of the increase in the optimum tilt angle by increasing the latitude. The benefit of tilting is generally increased by increasing the latitude. The developed neural model reflected very high accuracy in predicting the PV panels' optimal tilt and azimuth angles worldwide. This model is an essential subpart that can be used in an embedded system or an online system for further PV system analysis and optimization. The data collected from PVGIS are used to develop an efficient and accurate artificial neural network model based on feed-forward neural network approach. PVGIS is also used to calculate the annual and average daily solar irradiation incident on the horizontal plate (AR3 and DR3). Besides, annual and average daily solar irradiation incident on plate tilt optimally and oriented because of the south in the northern hemisphere and because of the north in the southern hemisphere (AR2 and DR2) are estimated. Also, annual and average daily solar irradiation incident on the tilted and oriented plate optimally (AR1 and DR1) are calculated. The optimum tilt and azimuth angles are estimated worldwide by the photovoltaic geographic information system (PVGIS). Although much research was conducted related to solar PV panels' performance, this work critically determined the tilt and azimuth angles for PV panels in all countries worldwide. Among many factors, the tilt and azimuth angles are of great importance and influence in determining the photovoltaic panel's efficiency to generate electricity. With the growing demand for clean and economically feasible renewable energy, solar photovoltaic (PV) system usage has increased.
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The PV system is also found to have a potential contribution to environmental impact reduction of about 4.12 tCO2e per year due to the replacement of electricity generated from fossil fuel sources. PVsyst presents results in the form of a full report, specific graphs and tables, and data can be exported for use in other software. The study also shows the investigated parameters yearly reach their highest value in August and the lowest in December. The efficiency comprises PV cell efficiency which can reach 21.8% and grid-inverter efficiency as high as 93.4%. PV system efficiencies in a clear and sunny day varied from 11.2% to 19.7%. The annual utilization potential of the PV system stated as a capacity factor can reach 38.7% on average. Monthly electrical energy generation varied from 300 to 499 kWh with an average of 412 kWh, and annual energy generation can reach 4.95 MWh. The PV system has a peak capacity of 3.1 kW and is specified for maximum efficiency of 22.96%. The study includes the potential of renewable energy generation, capacity factor, system efficiencies, and environmental impact reduction.
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The paper presents a study on a lab size of a grid-tied PV system installed at Politeknik Negeri Bali southern region of Bali Island, Indonesia. Working with PVsyst Professional 7.2.8 full.
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